Annual year-end report (2017) ranking the animal protection laws of all 50 states. For the 10th year in a row, Illinois is in first place—followed by Oregon (2), California (3), Maine (4), and Rhode Island (5). Kentucky holds firmly to last place for the 11
Consecutive year. It trails Iowa (49), Wyoming (48), Utah (47), and North Dakota (46) as the state with the weakest animal protection laws.
The patchwork of state and local laws is animals’ primary protection. The strength of these laws varies widely, making the Rankings Report a vital resource for anyone interested in helping animals. The Rankings are based on a comprehensive review of each jurisdiction’s animal protection laws including over 4, 000 pages of statutes. This is the longest-running and most authoritative report of its kind, and tracks which states are taking animal protection seriously.
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Pennsylvania is the most-improved state this year, jumping 20 places up to number 24. This achievement is thanks to major improvements like a new felony provision for first-time offenders of aggravated animal cruelty (including torture), and granting civil immunity to veterinarians who report suspected animal abuse.
The 2017 Rankings Report also highlights a trend in laws aiming to end the tragedy of animals dying in hot cars. Public awareness campaigns have helped improve the situation, but legislation is also a key component. This year’s Rankings Report is promising, showing more states granting civil immunity for removing animals from hot vehicles. Immunity laws ensure that people who rescue animals from vehicles in emergency situations are not then faced with lawsuits from owners. Arizona, California, Colorado, Indiana, Massachusetts, Nevada, and Oregon all enacted these “reckless endangerment” provisions this year. In all, more than 25 states now have some type of “hot cars” law on the books.
More than half of all states significantly improved their animal protection laws in the last five years. Improvements come in many forms including stiffer penalties for offenders, stronger standards of care for animals, animal cruelty reporting by veterinarians, mental health evaluations and counseling for offenders, banning animal ownership following cruelty convictions and including animals in domestic violence protective orders.
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“Unfortunately, laws protecting animals can vary widely from state to state, ” says Animal Legal Defense Fund Executive Director Stephen Wells. “Our annual U.S. Animal Protection Laws Rankings provides a tool for animal advocates, shelters and even legislators to gauge the relative effectiveness of their state’s animal protection laws and provides guidance for making positive changes.”
The full report, including details about each state, is available here for download (PDF). The Animal Legal Defense Fund’s complete “Animal Protection Laws of the U.S.A. and Canada” compendium, on which the report is based, is available at /compendium.SAN FRANCISCO, CA — The Animal Legal Defense Fund, the nation’s preeminent legal advocacy organization for animals, has released the 16th annual year-end U.S. State Animal Protection Laws Rankings Report (2021), rankings the animal protection laws of all 50 states.
For the second year in a row Maine maintains its first-place rank — followed by Illinois (2), Oregon (3), Colorado (4), and Rhode Island (5). New Mexico remained in 50th place, with Idaho (49), Mississippi (48), Alabama (47), and Utah (46) rounding out states with the weakest animal protection laws.
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The most improved jurisdictions in 2021 were Hawaii (27) and Guam (ranked first out of the six U.S. territories). Both enacted comprehensive animal protection legislation in 2021. Hawaii was previously ranked 39th but rose 12 ranks by criminalizing sexual assault of animals and requiring veterinarians to report suspected animal cruelty. Guam was previously ranked fourth out of the six inhabited U.S. territories, but in 2021 enacted a comprehensive overhaul of its animal protection laws — relying heavily on the Animal Legal Defense Fund’s Model Animal Protection Laws — enabling Guam to snag the first-place rank among U.S. territories.
A new national trend in 2021 was the enactment and strengthening of veterinary reporting laws and cross-reporting laws. Such laws either require or explicitly permit veterinarians or social service professionals to report suspected animal cruelty. In 2021 four states and one territory enacted veterinary reporting or cross-reporting laws. Another new national trend was the enactment of laws addressing certification and training of humane officers. Only 16 states have laws specifying both training standards and enforcement powers for humane officers — laws that are necessary to ensure proper enforcement of animal protection laws. Thankfully that number is trending upward, with three states — Maryland, Ohio, and Vermont — enacting comprehensive humane officer laws in 2021.
“It is vital that we continue to strengthen our animal protection laws as animals are some of the most vulnerable members of society and are too often subjected to cruel mistreatment, ” says Animal Legal Defense Fund Executive Director Stephen Wells. “The Animal Legal Defense Fund’s annual Rankings Report helps legislators and advocates identify weak points in their states’ laws — and highlight strong models that can be used to address those weaknesses.”
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The rankings are based on a comprehensive review of each jurisdiction’s animal protection laws, including over 3, 000 pages of statutes. This is the longest-running and most authoritative report of its kind and tracks which states are taking animal protection seriously.In January, a bipartisan bill was introduced in Congress that would make animal cruelty a felony across the United States. Called the Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act (PACT Act), this new law would build on an existing law from 2010 that criminalized making and distributing videos that depicted animal torture and death. Since we’ve recently been digitizing materials related to animal protective legislation as part of the Animal Turn project, this week's blog post seemed like a good time to give a very short overview of animal cruelty legislation in the United States up to 1966. We’ll explore animal cruelty legislation from 1966 to the present in a later blog post.
The PACT Act is the latest in a long line animal protective legislation measures in the United States, which stretches back to the 17th century. The Massachusetts Body of erties, which went into effect in 1641, was the first legal code enacted by European colonists in New England and included statutes against cruelty to domestic animals.
In 1828, New York became the first state to pass an animal protection law. Massachusetts followed in 1835. New York’s animal cruelty law served as a basis for the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), founded by Henry Bergh in 1866. A new law passed the same year gave the ASPCA the ability to enforce animal cruelty laws in New York, and the organization became a model for other organizations in the United States. By 1907, every state in the union (45 at that time) had some sort of animal protective legislation in place.
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The Humane Slaughter Act was passed in 1958, making it the first federal animal protection legislation enacted in the United States. One group that was instrumental in lobbying for the Humane Slaughter Act was the Society for Animal Protective Legislation, whose records you can find as part of the Animal Welfare Institute Records collection.
In 1966, 100 years after the founding of the ASPCA, Congress passed the Animal Welfare Act. This law was intended to protect domestic animals such as dogs, cats, and guinea pigs. To learn more about the Animal Welfare Act, check out this interactive timeline and the Animal Welfare Act History Digital Collection, from the United States Department of Agriculture’s National Agriculture rary.
Since 1966, many other laws have been passed that promote animal welfare and protect animals from cruelty, including protections for livestock, lab animals, and wild animals. We'll explore those in our next
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The resources highlighted in this post, and many more digital resources from the Animal Turn project, are available in the raries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections, which provides access to over a million images, drawings, video, audio recordings, and textual materials from the raries' Special Collections Research Center.The bipartisan bill, Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture (PACT) Act, criminalizes certain acts of animal cruelty. The bill was passed in the Senate by unanimous decision on Nov. 5 after being approved in the House in late October.
Passing this legislation is a major victory in the effort to stop animal cruelty and make our communities safer, Sen. Pat Toomey, R-Pa., said earlier this month when the bill, which Toomey sponsored along with Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., passed in the Senate. Evidence shows that the deranged individuals who harm animals often move on to committing acts of violence against people. It is appropriate that the federal government have strong animal cruelty laws and penalties.
The bill, introduced in the House by Rep. Ted Deutch, D-Fla., and Rep. Vern Buchanan, R-Fla., is an expansion on the 2010 Animal Crush Video Prohibition Act, which made the creation and distribution of animal crushing videos illegal.
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It will make it a federal crime for any person to intentionally engage in animal crushing if the animals or animal crushing is in, substantially affects, or uses a means or facility of, interstate or foreign commerce, according to a fact sheet of the bill.
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