Examples of terrestrial animal habitats include forests, grasslands and deserts; examples of freshwater animal habitats include lakes, rivers and marshes; examples of marine animal habitats include coral reefs, the open ocean and the intertidal zone.
An animal habitat is the combination of physical factors that affect animal life in a particular area. These factors can include: climate, amount of available sunlight, geological characteristics (the type of rocks and soil available), the amount and type of plant life present, and the presence and amount of either salt or fresh water.
Any place in which an animal can live can be considered an animal habitat. These range from a forest to inside another animal!
Types Of Habitats Around The World That Animals & Plants Call Home
A terrestrial habitat is one that occurs on land, rather than in water. The first animals appeared in the sea at least 600 million years ago; the first land animals likely appeared during the Ordovician Period, around 150 million years later.
A forest is an area in which the primary vegetation is trees. Forests cover around 31% of Earth’s total landmass, and are home to more animal species than any other terrestrial habitat.
Animals that live in forest habitats include bears, monkeys, gorillas, wild cats such as tigers and ocelots, deer, woodpeckers, owls, tree frogs and many types of snakes.
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Boreal forests, which are also known as taiga, are located in the northern hemisphere south of the Arctic tundra and north of the northern temperate forests.
Boreal forests cover around 11.5% of the Earth’s entire land area–roughly 17 million sq. km / 6.6 million sq. miles. They are dominated by conifers (cone-producing plants such as spruces, larches and pines), and are covered by snow for much of the year.
Animals that live in boreal forests include: American black bear, brown bear, wolf, North American and Eurasian beavers, reindeer / caribou, great gray owl, Canada and Eurasian lynxes, snowshoe hare and raven.
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Tropical rainforests are forests that grow around the equator, between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Despite covering only around 6% of the Earth’s surface, rainforests are home to 80% of all known species.
Due to their location, tropical rainforests are hot all year round, and experience a high amount of rainfall. There is little seasonal difference in a rainforest, and plants can grow continuously throughout the year.
Animals that live in tropical rainforest habitats around the world include: red-eyed tree frog, harpy eagle, macaws, toucans, electric eel, blue morpho butterflies, Hercules beetle, umbrellabird, green anaconda, gaboon viper, orangutan, sloth, gorilla, spider monkeys and howler monkeys.
Habitat And Adaptation
Animals that live in temperate forests around the world include: chipmunks, voles, raccoon, flying squirrels, bears, bald eagle, goshawk, sparrowhawk, fire salamander, Tasmanian devil and platypus.
Whereas forest habitats are dominated by trees, grassland habitats are dominated by grasses. Grasses are flowering plants in the family Poaceae. Most reproduce with wind pollination, but some rely on insects.
Grasslands are open, exposed places in which trees are either sparse or completely absent. Many grasslands have low rainfall and cold winters, making them fairly inhospitable regions with relatively low biodiversity.
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Animals that live in grassland habitats include: aardvark, aardwolf, kangaroos and wallabies, Pallas’s cat, saiga antelope, American badger, American bison, coyote, prairie dogs, giant anteater, maned wolf and rhea.
Savanna (spelled “savannah” in British English) is a habitat part-way between a forest and grassland. Unlike a grassland, a savanna has trees, although they are spaced far enough apart to allow grass to grow on the ground between them. (A savanna lacks the continuous canopy layer that prevents sunlight from reaching the forest floor.)
The world’s most famous savanna habitat is found in sub-Saharan Africa, which is home to iconic animals such as wildebeest, African buffalo, zebras, African bush elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, lion, cheetah, hyenas and African wild dog.
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Tundra is a habitat found in polar regions in which the soil is permanently frozen. During the long winters of the tundra, daylight hours are either short or non-existent.
Only exceptionally hardy plants can grow in the tundra, and the few animals that call the tundra their home have evolved numerous adaptations for living in this inhospitable habitat.
Tundra is found in both the Arctic and Antarctica. In addition, a form of tundra known as Alpine tundra is found above the tree line in mountainous regions.
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Animals that live in the tundra habitat include: Arctic fox, Arctic hare, muskox, caribou / reindeer, Dall sheep, lemming, Arctic wolf, wolverine, voles, narwhal, beluga, skuas and several gull species.
A desert is an area with very little rainfall. As a result, the desert habitat is one of the least biodiverse habitats. Deserts are characterized by extreme temperatures, and can either be “hot” deserts or “cold” deserts.
Deserts such as Africa’s Sahara Desert and Kalahari Desert and Australia’s Great Australian Desert are “hot deserts”, whereas Asia’s Gobi Desert, South America’s Patagonian Desert and much of the continent of Antarctica are “cold deserts”.
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Due to the lack of cloud cover, even hot deserts can experience extremely cold temperatures at night. The wide difference between day and night-time temperatures presents an additional challenge for the world’s desert animals.
Animals that live in desert habitats include: Arabian oryx, camel spiders, scorpions, camels, fennec fox, kit fox, Gila monster, meerkat, Mojave Desert tortoise, thorny devil, perentie and water-holding frog.
A mountain is a projection of land whose peak is over 1, 000 ft / 300 m above sea level. Mountain ranges often form as a result of tectonic movement. Mountains are also created by volcanic activity.
Defining Wildlife Habitats
A single mountain can have a number of different habitats, ranging from montane forests that grow foothills and valleys, to alpine tundra above the tree line.
Examples of animals that live in montane habitats include: Alpine marmot, Alpine ibex, Andean condor, Chamois, Golden eagle, Himalayan tahr, snow leopard, wild goat, mountain goat and mountain hare.
Caves are natural holes in the ground. They are formed in a number of ways, including erosion by water and tectonic activity.
Habitats For Plants And Animals
With no light, and a corresponding lack of plant life, caves are not places in which a large number of species are found.
Cave animals, known as troglobites, are often characterized by partial or complete blindness, lack of pigmentation (cave animals are often white or extremely pale), and enhanced non-visual sense organs such as extended antennae.
Examples of animals that live in caves include: the olm (also known as the cave salamander), Phantom cave snail, white cave velvet worm, Nelson cave spider, Madla cave spider, Aleys’ cave millipede, Benton County cave crayfish, rosy woodlouse, cave cricket, and
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Animals that shelter in caves but which spend a significant amount of time outside, such as bats, bears, hyenas and the oilbird, are not considered troglobites.
Urban habitats are those found in towns and cities such as buildings, parks and gardens. Although dominated by humans, urban areas are home to a surprising amount of wildlife, and are particularly suited to adaptable, generalist species.
The world’s aquatic habitats can be divided into two main groups: marine / saltwater habitats, and freshwater habitats. Below are examples of aquatic habitats in both main groups.
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Less than 3% of Earth’s water is freshwater, and much of that is frozen in the form of polar ice caps and glaciers. The percentage of Earth’s water able to support a wide diversity of life is far smaller – in fact, just 0.014% of all Earth’s water is freshwater in the form of rivers, lakes and wetlands.
Wetland habitats are areas in which the ground is either flooded or saturated by water. Freshwater wetlands include swamps and marshes. In a swamp, the dominant plant life is woody trees or shrubs. In a marsh, the dominant plant life is aquatic plants.
Examples of wetland habitat animals from around the world include: caimans, crocodiles, alligators, marsh deer, otters, capybara, herons, egrets, cranes, ducks, mink and beavers.
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A river is a body of flowing water. Both a river itself, and the riparian zone – the land situated next to a river – provide a home to many animal species. Rivers are freshwater habitats, but where they meet the sea, rivers can become brackish. (Brackish water is a mix of saltwater and freshwater).
Examples of animals that live in or near rivers include: crocodiles, alligators, nutria / coypu, river dolphins, pike, perch, catfish, otters, the hellbender, the alligator snapping turtle, kingfishers, dragonflies and mayflies.
Rivers are also temporary homes to migratory fish such as salmon, steelhead, sea trout and freshwater eels, which migrate between freshwater and marine habitats.
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Lakes and ponds are bodies of still water. A lake is generally bigger and deeper than a pond. Lakes are formed in a number of different ways, including tectonic, glacial or volcanic activity.
Lakes can also be formed by rivers, with oxbow lakes, which are formed when a U-shaped section of river becomes isolated from the main river, being a common example.
Examples of animals found in lakes include the hippopotamus, common water snake, common mudpuppy, walleye, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, carp, common snapping turtle, great diving beetle, water striders and water boatmen.
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The whale shark is not only the world’s largest shark, but also the world’s largest fish. It is found in tropical and sub-tropical waters worldwide.
The world’s oceans and seas cover 71% of Earth’s surface and contain over 96% of
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