Europe is home to a wide range of habitats and a correspondingly wide diversity of animals. Important European animal habitats include taiga forest, tundra, broadleaf forest, steppe, the Alps, Pyrenees, and other mountain ranges; the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, the Mediterranean Sea, and numerous large rivers and lakes.
Examples of European animals include mammals such as the brown bear, Eurasian lynx, grey wolf, red deer and wild boar; reptiles such as the European adder, slow worm and common lizard; amphibians such as the common frog, fire salamander and smooth newt; and birds such as the capercaillie, Eurasian eagle owl and golden eagle.
In the list of animals that live in Europe below, you’ll find pictures and facts on these and many other European species. Either click on an individual animal’s name for information on a specific species, or scroll down to browse all of the animals.
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The Alpine ibex is a species of wild goat that lives in the European Alps. It is one of several ibex species, all of which belong to the genus
Both male and female ibex have curved, ridged horns, but those of the male are far longer. Male Alpine ibexes use their horns for fighting for dominance during the mating season.
After centuries of overhunting, the Alpine ibex almost became extinct in the early 1800’s, when fewer than 100 individuals were left in the wild.
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The Alpine marmot is a rodent in the squirrel family Sciuridae. It is found in mountainous areas, and is present in both the European Alps and The Tatra Mountains (a mountain range between Poland and Slovakia). The species has also been introduced to the Pyrenees.
Growing to around 47 to 60 cm in length, the Alpine marmot is one of the largest marmot species. It lives in large family groups in elaborate burrows which may reach depths of up to 10ft. / 3m.
The Alpine marmot makes its own hay by drying grass on rocks in the sun, which it then stores in its burrow. The species hibernates during the winter.
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The Atlantic bluefin tuna is a large fish found in the Atlantic Ocean. With an average length of around 2.25 m and typically weighing up to 250 kg (much larger specimens are occasionally caught), it is the largest of the 15 species of tuna.
The Atlantic bluefin tuna preys on squid and schooling fish such as anchovies. With no natural predators of its own, the Atlantic bluefin tuna is an apex predator. It is thought to live up to 50 years.
Found not only in Europe, but also in North America and Asia, the brown bear has the largest range of any bear.
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Most of Europe’s brown bears are found in Russia, with the species also being present in Scandinavia and Eastern Europe. A small number of brown bears are also found in the Pyrenees.
The brown trout is found in lakes and rivers throughout Europe, and the species has been introduced in many other parts of the world. As its name suggests, it is typically brown in color, with darker brown and red spots on its back and sides.
Whereas many brown trout remain in freshwater habitats their whole lives, some are migratory. Those that migrate to the sea are known as “sea trout”. Sea trout return to freshwater habitats to breed.
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The brown trout is a member of the salmon family, Salmonidae. Like all members of this family, it is slim and streamlined, and has an adipose fin between the dorsal and caudal (tail) fin.
The capercaillie is the largest member of the pheasant and grouse family, Phasianidae. Other birds in this family include pheasants, partridges, quail, peafowl, turkeys and chickens.
The capercaillie lives in conifer forests in Europe, and is also found in Asia. During the breeding season, groups of male capercaillie (cocks) perform a competitive territorial display, known as a “lek” to impress the watching females (hens).
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The male capercaillie weighs up to 7 kg / 15.43 lb., and is up to twice the size of the female; the difference in size between male and female capercaillie is one of the largest of all birds.
The capercaillie is also known as the “western capercaillie” to distinguish it from the closely-related Black-billed capercaillie, which is found in Asia.
The chamois is a member of the subfamily Caprinae, a group of animals known as “goat-antelopes”. Other animals belonging to this subfamily include goats and sheep, but
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The chamois lives in alpine meadows in the mountains of central and southern Europe. It is also found in parts of Asia.
The common blackbird (whose name is usually shortened to simply “blackbird”) is a member of the thrush family found throughout much of Europe. It is a common sight in the continent’s gardens, parks, and woodlands.
True to its name, the male blackbird is black, with a bright, orange-yellow bill and a thin yellow ring around each eye. The female, however, is grey-brown, with a streaked chest and a dull yellow bill.
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The common European adder is found from the UK and France eastwards across much of Europe and into Asia. It lives in heaths, moors and woodland edges.
Found further north than any other snake, the common European adder is even present within the Arctic Circle. The species hibernates in the winter, and is most active in spring, when mating occurs.
The common European adder is the only venomous snake found in Britain. Although a bite from an adder can be painful, it is non-lethal to most healthy humans.
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The adder is grey / pale brown in color, and easily identified by the zig zag marking running along the length of its back. Some individuals are red-brown or even black in color.
The female common frog is larger than the male, reaching lengths of up to 13cm (5.12 in.). The skin color of both sexes ranges from olive green to dark brown. The back, sides and limbs are patterned with darker spots, blotches and stripes. Behind each eye is a dark patch that extends over the tympanum (eardrum).
Like most amphibians, the common frog undergoes metamorphosis, changing from an aquatic, larval form into a terrestrial, adult form with lungs and limbs. The larval form of a frog is known as a “tadpole”.
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The common toad is also known as the European toad, or simply “toad” in the UK. It is found throughout much of Europe and into western Asia, and also in parts of North Africa.
During the spring, the common toad can be seen near ponds, ditches and slow-moving streams and rivers. At other times of the year, the species may be found surprisingly far from water.
The common toad is olive-brown in color and its skin has a bumpy, warty texture. Females are slightly larger than the males, reaching lengths of around 13cm (5.12 in.).
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Like all toads of family Bufonidae (the “true toad” family), the common toad has parotoid glands located behind its eyes. These produce “bufotoxin”, a poison that is secreted when the toad is threatened.
Beavers are large rodents with distinctive, paddle-like tails. There are two species of beaver: the Eurasian beaver, which is found throughout much of Northern Europe, and the North American beaver (
The Eurasian beaver is the largest rodent in Europe, and the world’s second-largest rodent, after the capybara. (On average, the Eurasian beaver is slightly larger than the North American beaver.)
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The Eurasian beaver constructs dams by felling trees with its sharp teeth. The resulting pond not only provides the beaver with protection from predators, but also creates a wetland ecosystem in which other species can live.
The Eurasian eagle owl is one of the largest species of owl, with large females weighing around 4.6 kg / 10.1 lb. (As with many birds of prey, the female is larger than the male.)
A large Eurasian eagle owl may have a wingspan of up to 1.9m; a similar size to that of a “small” golden eagle.
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Found throughout most of Europe, as well as in Central and Eastern Asia, the Eurasian eagle owl has one of the largest ranges of any owl. It inhabits a wide range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, wetlands and mountains.
Like most owls, the Eurasian eagle owl is a nocturnal predator. It is mostly active at dawn and dusk. It hunts a variety of animals, with small mammals making up the bulk of its prey.
The Eurasian lynx is the largest of the four lynx species, and one of two found in Europe. (The other European lynx is the endangered Iberian lynx, which is found in Spain and Portugal. The two remaining lynxes are the Canada lynx and the bobcat, both of which are found in North America.)
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The Eurasian lynx is found in forests across much of Northern Europe and Northern Asia. Like all lynxes, it has tufted ears, a mane-like ruff of hair on its neck, and a short tail. Its long legs and large, hair-covered paws are adaptations for walking in snow.
With its black and white face, the European badger is one of the most recognizable European animals. It is found in woodlands throughout the continent, living in groups in dens known as “setts”.
European badgers are nocturnal, emerging from their setts at dusk and
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